Abstract: SA-PO289
A Case of Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy During Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment
Session Information
- Pharmacology: Kinetics, Genomics, Medication-Related Problems
November 04, 2023 | Location: Exhibit Hall, Pennsylvania Convention Center
Abstract Time: 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Category: Pharmacology (PharmacoKinetics, -Dynamics, -Genomics)
- 2000 Pharmacology (PharmacoKinetics, -Dynamics, -Genomics)
Authors
- Kim, Hyung Duk, Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St Mary's Hospital, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Kim, Yaeni, Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
Introduction
Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy is a rare, but serious complication. Here, we report a case of severe rifampicin-associated TMA with acute kidney injury required renal replacement therapy during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment.
Case Description
A 67-year-old man diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis was referred to nephrology department for hematuria. The patient had a history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were administered after the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. And on the 7th day of tuberculosis treatment, gross hematuria and purpura were developed. Laboratory tests showed a hemoglobin level of 8.4 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 9.01x109/L, a platelet count of 11x109/L, a urea nitrogen of 132.8 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 13.8 mg/dL. Hemodialysis was initiated to control severe metabolic acidosis and uremic symptoms. Direct Coombs’ test was positive and schistocytes were observed on peripheral blood smear. Hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury were suspected to be related to rifampicin. So, we discontinued the rifampicin and start therapeutic plasma exchange. In vitro test for drug-induced immune complex proved that hemolytic anemia was induced by rifampicin. After 4 sessions of plasma exchange, the patient’s renal function was gradually recovered and hemodialysis was stopped.
Discussion
It is known that hemolytic anemia occurs because rifampin binds to circulating antibodies to form immune complex and attaches to the surface of red blood cells, which activates the complement cascade. Thrombocytopenia also occurs by an immunological mechanism induced by rifampin. Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia are usually known to appear on the 3rd day to 3rd week of rifampin administration. Here, we report a case of severe thrombotic microangiopathy with acute kidney injury in which the etiology was identified with an immune complex test and successfully treated with plasma exchange.
Results of the drug-induced immune complex test
| O RBC | O RBC + anti-globulin | |
| Patient's serum + drug | Positive | Positive |
| Patient's serum + AB serum + drug | Positive | Positive |
| Patient's serum + AB serum + PBS | Negative | Negative |
| Normal AB serum + drug | Negative | Negative |
| Normal AB serum + PBS | Negative | Negative |