Abstract: PO1165
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Are You Missing Something?
Session Information
- Mineral Homeostasis and Acid-Base Disorders: Clinical
November 04, 2021 | Location: On-Demand, Virtual Only
Abstract Time: 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Category: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders
- 902 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders: Clinical
Authors
- Dawood, Mustafa, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Niyyar, Vandana Dua, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Introduction
Anion gap metabolic acidosis is a common metabolic abnormality seen in the clinical practice. Causes includes Lactic acidosis, Ketoacidosis, Renal failure, volatile acid toxicity and salicylate poisoing. Ketoacidosis is due to decreased glucose and insulin availability leading to starvation ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis respectively. Ketoacidosis is uncommonly seen in patients on prolonged continuous renal replacement therapy. We present 2 cases at Grady Hospital admitted with Acute hypoxic Respiratory Failure due to COVID 19 pneumonia, developed euglycemic ketoacidosis on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Case Description
case 1: 73 male with the history of HTN, DM, CKD III admitted for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID 19 pneumonia. He was intubated on admission day 9. Course got complicated by hypotension during intubation leading to Acute Renal Failure on day 11. Patient was started on Renal Replacement Therapy on day 12 due to volume overload and acidosis. Day 19, Anion gap worsened and betahydroxybutyrate was elevated. Patient was started on insulin drip with resolution of acidosis on day 20.
Case 2: 48 yo male with the history of HTN, DM II, CKD stage III admitted for Altered mental status, hypertensive emergency and cough. He was diagnosed with COVID 19 Pneumonia. Patient had non oliguric acute kidney injury on admission. Hospital day 11, patient was oliguric, volume overloaded and hyperkalemia prompted Renal replacement therapy initiation. Day 14, Anion gap worsened and betahydroxybutyrate was elevated. Tube feed were initiated and Dialysate prescription was reduced leading to resolution of anion gap on day 12.
Discussion
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency commonly in patients with Type I DM but also in Type II DM patients as well. It occurs due to decrease insulin concentration or increase insulin resistance with or without decreased glucose availability leading to release of counterregulatory hormone and fatty acid metabolism producing ketoacids. Diagnostic criteria include pH <7.3, Serum HCO3 <18, Serum glucose >250 mg/dl and positive serum +/- Urine ketones. Euglycemic DKA is a subtype of DKA with serum glucose of <200 mg/dl. Incidence of Euglycemic DKA varies from 2.6-3.2%. Continuous renal replacement therapy is an under-recognized cause of Euglycemic DKA in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.